KRAS - Wikipedia
KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus) is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein called K-Ras, a part of the RAS/MAPK pathway. The protein relays signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus.
KRAS mutation: from undruggable to druggable in cancer
2021年11月15日 · The mutant KRAS signalling pathway upregulates the expression of PD-L1 in tumour cells by improving the stability of PD-L1 mRNA 102.
KRAS gene - MedlinePlus
The KRAS gene provides instructions for making a protein called K-Ras that is part of a signaling pathway known as the RAS/MAPK pathway. The protein relays signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus.
Oncogenic KRAS: Signaling and Drug Resistance - PMC
The first well-known Ras effector pathway is identified as the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. This pathway is involved in the mitogenic signaling of tyrosine kinase receptors, following a wide range of growth, differentiation, inflammation, and apoptosis [ 22 ].
Targeting KRAS in cancer - Nature Medicine
2024年4月18日 · Herein, we outline RAS pathobiology with a focus on KRAS, illustrate therapeutic approaches across a variety of malignancies, including emphasis on the ‘on’ and ‘off’ switch allele-specific and...
Understand KRAS and the Quest for Anti-Cancer Drugs - PMC
This review provides an overview of the structure of KRAS and its characteristic signaling pathways. Additionally, we examine the problems associated with currently available KRAS inhibitors and discuss promising avenues for drug development.
Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from …
2023年12月18日 · The most prevalent signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, encompassing the RAS–RAF–MAPK kinase (MEK)–extracellular...
RAS signaling in carcinogenesis, cancer therapy and resistance ...
2024年11月9日 · An overview of the various RAS signal transduction pathways and therapeutic approaches for RAS-mutant tumors. Activation of RTKs promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP in RAS, thereby activating RAS. GTP-bound RAS binds to and activates the effector RAF, which initiates the MAPK signaling cascades.
KRAS Pathways: A Potential Gateway for Cancer Therapeutics and ...
One of the major disturbing pathways within cancer is "The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) pathway", and it has recently been demonstrated to be the most crucial in therapies and diagnostics. KRAS pathway includes numerous genes.
Targeting the MAPK Pathway in KRAS-Driven Tumors - Cell Press
2020年4月13日 · Here, we review recent efforts to validate individual components of the MAPK pathway as targets to treat KRAS-mutant cancers by comparing genetic information derived from experimental mouse models of KRAS-driven lung and pancreatic tumors with the outcome of selective MAPK inhibitors in clinical trials.
Targeting the KRAS mutation for more effective cancer …
2021年2月12日 · What is KRAS? How do mutations in KRAS lead to cancer? In healthy cells, KRAS serves as an on-off switch that regulates cell growth. It does this by binding a KRAS-activating molecule called GTP and then converts it to GDP, which inactivates the protein.
Genetic status of KRAS influences Transforming Growth Factor …
One of the best-characterized RAS pathways is the MAP/ERK pathway. RAF-1, the first identified RAS effector, comes to the membrane upon binding with RAS-GTP. Here it phosphorylates the serine residue and activates MAP-kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK).
Targeting the KRAS Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
2016年11月2日 · An overview is presented of the KRAS pathway in lung cancer and related therapeutic strategies under investigation. KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Pathology Outlines - KRAS
2022年4月1日 · The KRAS gene encodes the human cellular homolog of a transforming gene isolated from the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus. Normally, wild type (WT) KRAS plays a critical role in cellular signaling processes, including proliferation, differentiation and senescence. Mutant KRAS is a potential oncogene
Exploiting the therapeutic implications of KRAS inhibition on …
2024年3月11日 · New drugs targeting the KRAS oncoprotein provide only short-term clinical benefit. Molina-Arcas and Downward review how oncogenic KRAS creates an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment, providing a rationale for the combination of KRAS inhibitors with immunotherapies.
The origins and genetic interactions of KRAS mutations are ... - Nature
2021年3月22日 · Here, we analyze 13,492 samples from these four tumor types to examine allele- and tissue-specific genetic properties associated with oncogenic KRAS mutations. The prevalence of known mutagenic...
Role of oncogenic KRAS in the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of ...
2021年11月6日 · Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) is a commonly mutated oncogene in CRC, with mutations in approximately 40% of all CRC cases; its mutations result in constitutive activation of the KRAS protein, which acts as a molecular switch to persistently stimulate downstream signaling pathways, including cell proliferation and survival, thereby leading to ...
Targeting pathways downstream of KRAS in lung adenocarcinoma
In this article, we will focus on the specific gene products and signaling pathways downstream of KRAS that are critical for cellular transformation and for maintenance of lung tumorigenesis.
Targeting the KRAS Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
One of the most commonly mutated genes in adenocarcinoma is KRAS, found in approximately 30% of lung adenocarcinomas, and thus it is an appealing target for new therapies. This review provides an overview of the KRAS pathway and related targeted therapies under investigation in …
Bayer starts Phase I study with SOS1 inhibitor in patients with ...
3 天之前 · SOS1 facilitates KRAS activation and influences downstream signaling pathways. Co-inhibiting SOS1 with KRAS may help to slow or inhibit the growth of cancer cells reliant on this pathway, by enhancing the effectiveness of KRAS inhibition and contributing to deeper and/or longer-lasting treatment responses in various cancers.
Building insights into KRAS signaling complexes - Nature
2021年10月8日 · KRAS is a membrane-localized GTPase that oscillates between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states and functions as a critical node in growth factor receptor signaling pathways. To...
Identification of a Novel Ras-Regulated Proapoptotic Pathway
Thus, as is true for Ras-induced proliferation, multiple pathways exist for Ras induction of apoptosis. In the present report, we identify a novel pathway by which active Ki-Ras initiates apoptosis through the direct recruitment of its putative effector NORE, which is stably associated with the proapoptotic, Ste20-related protein kinase MST1. ...
Down-Regulation of AKT Proteins Slows the Growth of Mutant-KRAS …
2024年6月19日 · Serine/threonine kinase AKT isoforms play a well-established role in cell metabolism and growth. Most pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDACs) harbor activation mutations of KRAS, which activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. However, AKT inhibitors are not effective in the treatment of pancreatic cance …